Journal: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Article Title: Bovine leukemia virus reduces anti‐viral cytokine activities and NK cytotoxicity by inducing TGF‐β secretion from regulatory T cells

doi: 10.1002/iid3.93

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reduced anti‐viral cytokine production in BLV‐infected cattle. IFN‐γ (A) and TNF‐α (B) in the supernatants of cultured PBMCs from BLV‐infected aleukemic (AL: n = 9) or persistent lymphocytotic (PL: n = 7) cattle and uninfected cattle ( n = 4) were determined using ELISA. Detection of IFN‐γ producing CD4 + T cells in BLV‐uninfected and BLV‐infected cattle at different disease stages (C: BLV(−): n = 7, AL: n = 14, PL: n = 13). Correlations between IFN‐γ producing CD4 + T cells and lymphocyte numbers (D) and proviral loads (E), TNF‐α producing CD4 + T cells, lymphocyte numbers (F), and proviral loads (G) in BLV‐infected cattle ( n = 27). Lymphocyte numbers in BLV‐infected cattle were counted using Celltac α MEK‐6450 and animals were diagnosed with PL when at least two consecutive lymphocyte counts were >7,500/µL; proviral loads were quantified using real‐time PCR. IFN‐γ‐ and TNF‐α‐producing CD4 + T cells in BLV‐infected cattle were detected using flow cytometry.

Article Snippet: After 24 h, supernatants were harvested and IFN‐γ (Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden) and TNF‐α (Kingfisher Biotech) production was determined using ELISA kits with a microplate reader MTP‐650FA (Corona Electric, Ibaraki, Japan) at an absorbance of 450 nm.

Techniques: Infection, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Article Title: Bovine leukemia virus reduces anti‐viral cytokine activities and NK cytotoxicity by inducing TGF‐β secretion from regulatory T cells

doi: 10.1002/iid3.93

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production from CD4 + T cells by TGF‐β. PBMCs from normal cattle (IFN‐γ: n = 12, TNF‐α: n = 9) and BLV‐infected cattle ( n = 11) were pretreated with TGF‐β for 2 h and were cultivated with IL‐2 alone (A and B) or synthesized peptides from the BLV envelop region (C and D). IFN‐γ‐ or TNF‐α‐producing CD4 + T cells were detected using flow cytometry.

Article Snippet: After 24 h, supernatants were harvested and IFN‐γ (Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden) and TNF‐α (Kingfisher Biotech) production was determined using ELISA kits with a microplate reader MTP‐650FA (Corona Electric, Ibaraki, Japan) at an absorbance of 450 nm.

Techniques: Inhibition, Infection, Synthesized, Flow Cytometry